Ovarian torsion refers to the complete or partial rotation of the ovary on its ligamentous supports, often resulting in partial or complete obstruction of its blood supply. It is one of the most common gynecologic surgical emergencies and may affect females of all ages. The fallopian tube often twists along with the ovary; when this occurs, it is referred to as adnexal torsion. Isolated torsion of the fallopian tube is less common, and torsion of paratubal, broad ligament, and paraovarian cysts may also occur.
Prompt diagnosis is important to preserve ovarian and/or tubal function and to prevent other associated morbidity. However, making the diagnosis can be challenging because the symptoms are relatively nonspecific.